View source for Burundi

{{Infobox country
| conventional_long_name = Republic of Burundi
| native_name            = {{Unbulleted list|item_style=font-size:88%; |{{native name|rn|Republika y'Uburundi}} |{{native name|fr|République du Burundi}}}}
| common_name            = Burundi
| image_flag             = Flag of Burundi.svg
| image_coat             = Coat of arms of Burundi.svg
| image_map              = {{Switcher|[[File:Burundi (orthographic projection).svg|frameless]]|Show globe|[[File:Location Burundi AU Africa.svg|upright=1.15|frameless]]|Show map of Africa|default=1}}
| map_caption            = 
| image_map2             = 
| national_motto         = {{unbulleted list
|{{Native name|rn|"Imana, Umwami, Igihugu"|italics=off|nolink=on}}
|{{Native name|fr|"Dieu, Le Roi,Le Pays"|italics=off|nolink=on}}
|{{Native name|en|"God, The King, The Country"|italics=off|nolink=on}}
}}
| national_anthem        = {{Native name|rn|[[Burundi Bwacu]]|nolink=yes}}<br/>{{small|''Our Burundi''}}<br /> {{center|}}<br />[[File:Burundi Bwacu instrumental.ogg]]
| languages_type         = [[Official language]]s
| languages              = [[Kirundi language|Kirundi]] & [[Swahili language|Swahili]] (national and official)<br/>[[French language|French]] (official)<br/>[[English language|English]] (official)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/what-languages-are-spoken-in-burundi.html|title=What Languages Are Spoken In Burundi?|date=August 2017|access-date=12 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180313092234/https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/what-languages-are-spoken-in-burundi.html|archive-date=13 March 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iwacu-burundi.org/englishnews/english-is-now-official-language-of-burundi/|title=English is now official language of Burundi|access-date=12 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180214014654/http://www.iwacu-burundi.org/englishnews/english-is-now-official-language-of-burundi/|archive-date=14 February 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.assemblee.bi/Analyse-et-adoption-du-projet-de,835|title=Analyse et adoption du projet de loi portant Statut des Langues au Burundi - Assemblée Nationale du Burundi|work=Assemblée Nationale du Burundi|access-date=12 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180313094143/http://www.assemblee.bi/Analyse-et-adoption-du-projet-de,835|archive-date=13 March 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://dspace.univ-tlemcen.dz/bitstream/112/7953/1/sage-jasmine-irakosz.pdf |title=The impact of English on Kirundi and French in Burundi: Use and attitudes among Burundian students |access-date=12 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170813072614/http://dspace.univ-tlemcen.dz/bitstream/112/7953/1/sage-jasmine-irakosz.pdf |archive-date=13 August 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| capital                = [[Gitega]] (political)
[[Bujumbura]] (economic){{efn|name=central_cities|While Gitega has been established as the political capital, Bujumbura is still the seat of the government and economic capital.}}
| coordinates            = {{Coord|3|30|S|30|00|E|type:city}}
| largest_city           = [[Bujumbura]]{{efn|name=central_cities}}
| demonym                = Burundian
| ethnic_groups          = {{ublist |85% [[Hutu]] |14% [[Tutsi]] |{{Spaces|2}}1% [[Twa]] |~3,000 Europeans |{{nowrap|~2,000 South Asians}}}}
| ethnic_groups_year     = <ref name="Central Intelligence Agency 2018">{{cite web | title=The World Factbook – Burundi | website=Central Intelligence Agency | date=7 August 2018 | url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/by.html | access-date=13 August 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128152115/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/by.html | archive-date=28 January 2018 | url-status=live | df=dmy-all }}</ref>
| government_type        = [[Unitary state|Unitary]] [[Dominant-party system|dominant-party]] [[Presidential system|presidential]] [[constitutional republic]]
| leader_title1          = [[List of Presidents of Burundi|President]]
| leader_name1           = [[Évariste Ndayishimiye]]
| leader_title2          = [[Prime Minister of Burundi|Prime Minister]]
| leader_name2           = [[Gervais Ndirakobuca]]
| leader_title3          = [[Vice President of Burundi|Vice-President]]
| leader_name3           = [[Prosper Bazombanza]]
| legislature            = [[Parliament of Burundi|Parliament]]
| upper_house            = [[Senate (Burundi)|Senate]]
| lower_house            = [[National Assembly (Burundi)|National Assembly]]
| sovereignty_type       = Status
| established_event1     = Part of [[Ruanda-Urundi]]<br>{{small|([[United Nations trust territories|UN trust territory]])}}
| established_date1      = 1945–1962
| established_event2     = Independence from [[Belgium]]
| established_date2      = 1 July 1962
| established_event3     = Republic
| established_date3      = 28 November 1966
| established_event4     = [[Constitution of Burundi]]
| established_date4      = 28 February 2005
| area_km2               = 27834
| area_rank              = 142nd
| area_sq_mi             = 
| area_footnote          = <ref name="ISTEEBU">{{cite web |url=http://www.isteebu.bi/index.php/economie-en-bref |title=Quelques données pour le Burundi |language=fr |publisher=ISTEEBU |accessdate=17 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170728161954/http://isteebu.bi/index.php/economie-en-bref |archive-date=28 July 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| percent_water          = 10<ref>{{cite report |date=July 2015 |title=Annuaire statistique du Burundi |language=fr |url=http://www.isteebu.bi/images/annuaires/annuaire%202013%20pdf%20fin.pdf |publisher=ISTEEBU |page=105 |accessdate=17 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160607125402/http://www.isteebu.bi/images/annuaires/annuaire%202013%20pdf%20fin.pdf |archivedate=7 June 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| population_estimate    = 11,865,821<ref name="cia">[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/by.html CIA – The World Factbook – Burundi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128152115/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/by.html |date=28 January 2018 }} [[CIA]]. Retrieved 8 June 2008.</ref>
| population_estimate_year = 2020
| population_estimate_rank = 84th
| population_census      = 8,053,574<ref name=ISTEEBU/>
| population_census_year = 2008
| population_density_km2 = 401.6
| population_density_sq_mi = 
| population_density_rank = 20th
| GDP_PPP_year           = 2019
| GDP_PPP                = $8.380 billion
| GDP_PPP_per_capita     = $727<ref name="imf.org">{{cite web|url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=60&pr.y=2&sy=2019&ey=2024&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=618&s=NGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPPC&grp=0&a=|title=Report for Selected Countries and Subjects : Burundi|work=International Monetary Fund|accessdate=20 February 2020}}</ref>
| GDP_nominal            = $3.573 billion
| GDP_nominal_year       = 2019
| GDP_nominal_per_capita = $310<ref name="imf.org"/>
| Gini_year              = 2013
| Gini_change            = Decrease
| Gini                   = 39.2 <!--number only-->
| Gini_ref               = <ref>{{cite web |url= http://databank.worldbank.org/data/views/reports/tableview.aspx |title= Gini Index, World Bank Estimate |work= World Development Indicators |publisher= The World Bank |accessdate= 13 January 2015 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150626193432/http://databank.worldbank.org/data/views/reports/tableview.aspx |archive-date= 26 June 2015 |url-status= live |df= dmy-all }}</ref>
| Gini_rank              = 
| HDI_year               = 2018<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year-->
| HDI_change             = increase<!--increase/decrease/steady-->
| HDI                    = 0.423 <!--number only-->
| HDI_ref                = <ref name="UNHDR">{{cite web|url=http://hdr.undp.org/en/content/2019-human-development-index-ranking|title=Human Development Report 2019|language=en|publisher=[[United Nations Development Programme]]|date=10 December 2019|accessdate=10 December 2019|format=PDF|archive-date=30 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200430080741/http://hdr.undp.org/en/content/2019-human-development-index-ranking|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| HDI_rank               = 185th
| currency               = [[Burundian franc]] (FBu)
| currency_code          = BIF
| time_zone              = [[Central Africa Time|CAT]]
| utc_offset             = +2
| drives_on              = right
| date_format            = dd/mm/yyyy
| calling_code           = [[+257]]
| cctld                  = [[.bi]]
| footnote_a             = 
| religion               = {{ublist |item_style=white-space:nowrap;
|91.5% [[Christianity]]
|—65.3% [[Roman Catholic Church|Catholic]]
|—26.2% Other [[List of Christian denominations|Christian]]
|5.5% [[African Traditional Religion|Traditional faiths]]
|2.1% [[Islam in Burundi|Islam]]
|0.2% Others/None
}}
| religion_year          = 2015
| religion_ref           = <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/burundi/religious_demography#/?affiliations_religion_id=11&affiliations_year=2010 |title=Religions in Burundi {{!}} PEW-GRF |access-date=2020-09-03 |archive-date=2017-12-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171204222921/http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/burundi/religious_demography#/?affiliations_religion_id=11&affiliations_year=2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| today                  = 
}}
'''Burundi''' (officially called the '''Republic of Burundi''') is a small [[country]] in [[Africa]]. The capital of Burundi is [[Gitega]]. The official [[language]]s of Burundi are [[Kirundi]], [[French language|French]] and [[English language|English]]. There are about eight and a half million people in Burundi. Burundi is one of the poorest countries in the world.

== History ==
In 1962, Burundi gained independence from Belgium.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2018-12-03|title=Burundi profile - Timeline|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-13087604|access-date=2021-05-06}}</ref>

== Provinces, communes and collines ==
Burundi is divided into 18 [[provinces]], 117 [[Communes of Burundi|communes]], and 2,638 [[Collines of Burundi|collines]] (hills).<ref>Kavamahanga, D. [http://gateway.nlm.nih.gov/MeetingAbstracts/ma?f=102279271.html Empowerment of people living with HIV/AIDS in Gitega Province, Burundi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081210070209/http://gateway.nlm.nih.gov/MeetingAbstracts/ma?f=102279271.html |date=2008-12-10 }}. International Conference on AIDS 2004. July 15, 2004. NLM Gateway. Retrieved on June 22, 2008.</ref> Provincial governments are based on these boundaries. In 2000, the province encompassing Bujumbura was separated into two provinces, Bujumbura Rural and Bunjumbura Mairie.<ref name="xlix">Eggers, E., ''Historical Dictionary of Burundi'', p. xlix.</ref>

The provinces are:
<table><td>
* [[Bubanza Province|Bubanza]]
* [[Bujumbura Mairie Province|Bujumbura Mairie]]
* [[Bujumbura Rural Province|Bujumbura Rural]]
* [[Bururi Province|Bururi]]
* [[Cankuzo Province|Cankuzo]]
* [[Cibitoke Province|Cibitoke]]
* [[Gitega Province|Gitega]]
* [[Karuzi Province|Karuzi]]
* [[Kayanza Province|Kayanza]]
</td><td>
* [[Kirundo Province|Kirundo]]
* [[Makamba Province|Makamba]]
* [[Muramvya Province|Muramvya]]
* [[Muyinga Province|Muyinga]]
* [[Mwaro Province|Mwaro]]
* [[Ngozi Province|Ngozi]]
* [[Rumonge Province|Rumonge]]
* [[Rutana Province|Rutana]]
* [[Ruyigi Province|Ruyigi]]
</td></table>

===Largest cities===
These are the largest cities in Burundi:

{|  class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; margin-right:150px"
|-
! style="text-align:center;"| Ranking
! style="text-align:center;"| Name
! style="text-align:center;"| Population
|-
| style="text-align:right;"| 1.
| [[Bujumbura]]
| style="text-align:right;"| 340,300
|-
| style="text-align:right;"| 2.
| [[Gitega]]
| style="text-align:right;"| 46,900
|-
| style="text-align:right;"| 3.
| [[Muyinga]]
| style="text-align:right;"| 45,300
|-
| style="text-align:right;"| 4.
| [[Ngozi, Burundi|Ngozi]]
| style="text-align:right;"| 40,200
|-
| style="text-align:right;"| 5.
| [[Ruyigi]]
| style="text-align:right;"| 36,800
|-
| style="text-align:right;"| 6.
| [[Kayanza]]
| style="text-align:right;"| 26,200
|-
| style="text-align:right;"| 7.
| [[Bururi]]
| style="text-align:right;"| 22,900
|-
| style="text-align:right;"| 8.
| [[Rutana]]
| style="text-align:right;"| 20,700
|-
| style="text-align:right;"| 9.
| [[Muramvya]]
| style="text-align:right;"| 17,600
|-
| style="text-align:right;"| 10.
| [[Makamba]]
| style="text-align:right;"| 13,000
|}

== Geography ==
One of the smallest countries in [[Africa]], Burundi is [[landlocked]]. It is bordered by Rwanda to the north, Tanzania to the east and south and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the west. It has an equatorial climate. Burundi is a part of the [[Albertine Rift]], the western extension of the [[East African Rift]].

The country lies on a rolling [[plateau]] in the center of Africa. The average elevation of the central plateau is {{convert|5600|ft|m|0}}, with lower elevations at the borders.  The highest peak, [[Mount Heha]] at {{convert|8810|ft|m|0}},<ref>O'Mara, Michael. ''Facts about the World's Nations''. [[Bronx, New York]]: H.W. Wilson, 1999. p. 150. {{ISBN|978-0-8242-0955-1}}</ref> is southeast of Bujumbura. The source of the [[Nile River]] is in Burundi province. It is linked from Lake Victoria to its headwaters by the [[Ruvyironza River]].<ref>{{cite book| last = Ash| first = Russell| title = The Top 10 of Everything 2007| year = 2006| publisher = Sterling Publishing Company, Inc.| isbn = 978-0-600-61557-6 }}</ref> [[Lake Victoria]] is also an important water source.  It serves as a fork to the [[Kagera River]].<ref>Klohn, Wulf and Mihailo Andjelic. [http://www.fao.org/ag/AGL/AGLW/webpub/lakevic/LAKEVIC4.htm Lake Victoria: A Case in International Cooperation]. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Retrieved on July 20, 2008.</ref><ref>Budge, E. A. Wallace, ''The Egyptian Sudan: Its History and Monuments''. [[Philadelphia, Pennsylvania]]: J.P. Lippincott Company, 1907. p. 352.</ref> Another major lake is [[Lake Tanganyika]] in Burundi's southwestern corner.<ref>Jessup, John E., ''An Encyclopedic Dictionary of Conflict and Conflict Resolution, 1945–1996'', p. 97.</ref>

Burundi's lands are mostly [[agricultural]] or [[pasture]]. Settlement by rural populations has led to [[deforestation]], [[soil erosion]], and [[habitat loss]].<ref>{{cite book| last1 = Bermingham| first1 = Eldredge| last2 = Dick| first2 = Christopher W.| last3 = Moritz| first3 = Craig| title = Tropical Rainforests: Past, Present, and Future| year = 2005| publisher = University of Chicago Press| isbn = 0-226-04468-8| page = 146 }}</ref>

There are two [[national park]]s: [[Kibira National Park]] and [[Ruvubu National Park]]. Both were formed in 1982 to keep wildlife populations.<ref>{{cite book| last = East| first = Rod| title = African Antelope Database 1998| url = https://archive.org/details/africananteloped0000east| year = 1999| publisher = IUCN| isbn = 978-2-8317-0477-7| page = [https://archive.org/details/africananteloped0000east/page/74 74] }}</ref>

==Related pages==
* [[Burundi at the Olympics]]
* [[Burundi national football team]]
* [[List of rivers of Burundi]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}
'''Notes'''
<references group="lower-alpha"/>

==Other websites==
* {{Commons category-inline}}
* {{wikivoyage-inline}}

{{Countries of Africa}}
{{authority control}}


[[Category:Burundi| ]]
[[Category:States and territories established in the 1960s]]
[[Category:1962 establishments in Africa]]
[[Category:French-speaking countries]]
[[Category:Least developed countries]]


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