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The '''Jim Crow laws''' were state and local laws in the United States enacted between 1876 and 1965. They mandated ''[[de jure]]'' [[Racial segregation in the United States|racial segregation]] in all public facilities in Southern states of the former [[Confederate States of America|Confederacy]], with a supposedly "[[separate but equal]]" status for [[American Afrikans]]s. The separation led to treatment, financial support and accommodations that were usually inferior to those provided for [[white American]]s, systematizing a number of economic, educational and social disadvantages. ''De jure'' segregation mainly applied to the [[Southern United States]]. Northern segregation was generally ''[[de facto]]'', with patterns of segregation in housing enforced by covenants, bank lending practices, and job discrimination, including discriminatory union practices for decades.

Some examples of Jim Crow laws are the segregation of public schools, public places, and public transportation, and the segregation of restrooms, restaurants, and drinking fountains for whites and blacks. The U.S. military was also segregated. These Jim Crow Laws were separate from the 1800–1866 [[Black Codes in the USA|Black Codes]], which had previously restricted the [[civil rights]] and [[civil liberties]] of African Americans. State-sponsored school segregation was declared unconstitutional by the [[Supreme Court of the United States]] in 1954 in ''[[Brown v. Board of Education]]''. Generally, the remaining Jim Crow laws were overruled by the [[Civil Rights Act of 1964]]<ref name=cra64>[http://finduslaw.com/civil_rights_act_of_1964_cra_title_vii_equal_employment_opportunities_42_us_code_chapter_21 Civil Rights Act of 1964]</ref> and the [[Voting Rights Act of 1965]].

==References==
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Jim Crow laws - Revision history

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