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Created page with "{{Infobox language family |name=Kotoko |altname=Central Chadic |region=Nigeria, Chad, Cameroon |familycolor=Negro-Egyptian |fam2=Chadic |map=B..."

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{{Infobox language family
|name=Kotoko
|altname=Central Chadic
|region=[[Nigeria]], [[Chad]], [[Cameroon]]
|familycolor=Negro-Egyptian
|fam2=[[Chadic languages|Chadic]]
|map=Biu-Mandara languages.jpg
|mapcaption=Central Chadic per Newman (1977)
|child1=Tera
|child2=Bura–Higi
|child3=Wandala–Mafa
|child4=Daba
|child5=Bata (Gbwata)
|child6=Mandage (Kotoko)
|child7=''Yedina''
|child8=East–Central
}}

The '''Biu–Mandara''', '''Central Chadic''' or Kotoko languages of the [[Negro-Egyptian languages|Negro-Egyptian]] family are spoken in [[Nigeria]], [[Chad]] and [[Cameroon]].<ref>Raymond G. Gordon, Jr, ed. 2005. ''Ethnologue: Languages of the World''. 15th edition. Dallas: Summer Institute of Linguistics.</ref> The most widely spoken is [[Kamwe language|Kamwe]], with 300,000 speakers.

==Languages==
The branches of Kotoko go either by names or by letters and numbers in an outline format.<ref>Blench, 2006. [http://rogerblench.info/Language/Afroasiatic/General/AALIST.pdf The Negro-Egyptian Languages: Classification and Reference List] (ms)</ref>

*'''Tera''' (A.1): [[Tera language|Tera]], [[Pidlimdi language|Pidlimdi]] (Hinna), [[Jara language|Jara]], [[Ga'anda language|Ga'anda]], [[Gabin language|Gabin]], [[Boga language|Boga]], [[Ngwaba language|Ngwaba]], [[Hwana language|Hwana]]
*'''Bura–Higi'''
**'''Bura''' (A.2): [[Bura-Pabir language|Bura-Pabir]] (Bura), [[Cibak language|Cibak]] (Kyibaku), [[Nggwahyi language|Nggwahyi]], [[Huba language|Huba]] (Kilba), [[Putai language|Putai]] (Marghi West), [[Margi language|Marghi Central]] (Margi, Margi Babal), [[Marghi South language|Marghi South]]
**? [[Kofa language|Kofa]]
**'''Higi''' (A.3): [[Kamwe language|Kamwə]] ([[Psikye language|Psikyɛ]], Higi), [[Bana language|Bana]], [[Hya language|Hya]], ? [[Kirya-Konzəl language|Kirya-Konzəl]]
*'''Wandala–Mafa'''
**'''Wandala (Mandara)'''{{anchor|Mandara}} (A.4)
***East: [[Wandala language|Wandala]] (Mura, Mandara, Malgwa), [[Glavda language|Glavda]] (Gəlvaxdaxa)
***[[Parkwa language|Parəkwa]] (Podoko)
***West: [[Gvoko language|Gəvoko]], [[Guduf-Gava language|Guduf-Gava]] ([[Cineni language|Cineni]]), [[Dghwede language|Dghweɗe]], [[Hdi language|Hdi]] (Xədi, Hedi, Tur), [[Lamang language|Lamang]], [[Woga language|Woga]], [[Vemgo language|Vemgo]], [[Mabas language|Mabas]]
***[[Sukur language|Sukur]] (Sakwun, A.6)
**'''Mafa'''{{anchor|Mafa}} (A.5)
***Northeast Mafa: [[Vame language|Vame]] (Pəlasla), [[Mbuko language|Mbuko]], [[Gaduwa language|Gaduwa]]
***[[Matal language|Matal]] (Muktele)
***South Mafa
****(a) [[Wuzlam language|Wuzlam]] (Ouldémé), [[Muyang language|Muyang]], [[Mada language (Cameroon)|Maɗa]], [[Moloko language|Məlokwo]]
****(b) [[Zəlgwa-Minew language|Zəlgwa-Minew]], [[Gemzek language|Gemzek]], [[Dugwor language|Ɗugwor]], [[Mikere language|Mikere]], [[Merey language|Merey]]
****(c) [[North Giziga language|North Giziga]], [[South Giziga language|South Giziga]], [[North Mofu language|North Mofu]], [[Mofu-Gudur language|Mofu-Gudur]] (South Mofu), [[Baldemu language|Baldemu]] (Mbazlam)
****(d) [[Cuvok language|Cuvok]], [[Mafa language|Mafa]], [[Mefele language|Mefele]], [[Shügule language|Shügule]]
*'''Daba''' (A.7)
**North Daba: [[Buwal language|Buwal]] (Gadala), [[Gavar language|Gavar]] (Kortchi)
**South Daba: [[Mina language (Cameroon)|Mina]] (Besleri, Hina), [[Daba language|Daba]] ([[Mazagway language|Mazagway]]), [[Mbedam language|Mbədam]]
*'''Bata (Gbwata)''' (A.8): [[Bacama language|Bacama]], [[Bata language|Bata]] (Gbwata), [[Sharwa language|Sharwa]], [[Tsuvan language|Tsuvan]], [[Gude language|Gude]], [[Fali language|Fali]], [[Zizilivakan language|Zizilivakan]] (Ulan Mazhilvən, Fali of Jilbu), [[Jimi language (Cameroon)|Jimi]] (Jimjimən), [[Gudu language|Gudu]], [[Holma language|Holma]] (†), [[Nzanyi language|Nzanyi]]
*'''Mandage (Kotoko)'''{{anchor|Kotoko}} (B.1)
**South Mandage: [[Mser language|Msər]] (Kousseri), [[Lagwan language|Lagwan]] (Logone)
**? [[Jilbe language|Jilbe]]
**North Mandage: [[Afade language|Afaɗə]], [[Maslam language|Maslam]], [[Malgbe language|Malgbe]] (Gulfey), [[Mpade language|Mpadə]]
*'''''[[Buduma language|Buduma]]''' (Yedina)''
*'''East–Central'''
**'''''[[Gidar language|Gidar]]''' (Kaɗa)''
**'''Munjuk''' (B.2): [[Mbara language|Mbara]], [[Muskum language|Muskum]] (Muzuk) (†), [[Mpus language|Mpus]], [[Beege language|Beege]] (Jafga), [[Vulum language|Vulum]] (Mulwi)
**'''Mida'a''' (<B.1): [[Jina language|Jina]], [[Majera language|Majəra]]

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}

==References==
* [http://africanlanguages.org/chadic_central.html Central Chadic resources] at africanlanguages.org
* [http://www.ethnologue.com/show_family.asp?subid=90389 Ethnologue entry for Biu–Mandara languages]

==External links==

[[Category:Chadic languages]]
[[Category:Biu-Mandara languages]]

{{NegroEgyptian-lang-stub}}

Kotoko languages - Revision history

imported>Kofi: Created page with "{{Infobox language family |name=Kotoko |altname=Central Chadic |region=Nigeria, Chad, Cameroon |familycolor=Negro-Egyptian |fam2=Chadic |map=B..."