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{{header
| title = Posterior Analytics
| author = Aristotle
| translator = E. S. Bouchier
| section =
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| notes = ''The '''Posterior Analytics''' is a text from Aristotle's Organon containing a classic treatment and discussion of demonstration, definition, and scientific knowledge. The demonstration is distinguished as ''a syllogism productive of scientific knowledge'', while the definition marked as ''the statement of a thing's nature, ... a statement of the meaning of the name, or of an equivalent nominal formula.{{wikipediaref|Posterior Analytics}}

Translated in 1901.
}}

===Introductory note.===
The text used is that of the ‘Selecta ex Organo Aristoteleo Capitula,’ published by the Clarendon Press, and, for portions of the work not included in those selections, the Tauchnitz edition of the Organon (1893). Where the numberings of the chapters differ, the system adopted in the Clarendon Press selections has been followed.

I am much indebted, as regards the short analyses placed at the head of each chapter, to St. Hilaire’s ‘Logique d’Aristote’ (Paris, 1838), and, for the translation, to Dr. Zell’s ‘Zweite Analytica’ (Stuttgart, 1840).

Two chapters of the Prior Analytics (Bk. II. cc. 23, 24) have been added in an Appendix, as illustrating Aristotle’s doctrine of Induction and Example.

::E. S. B.

::Oxford, June, 1901.

===Book I.===
*[[/Book I/Chapter I|Chap. I.]]: Whether a Demonstrative Science exists
*[[/Book I/Chapter II|Chap. II.]]: What Knowing is, what Demonstration is, and of what it consists
*[[/Book I/Chapter III|Chap. III.]]: A refutation of the error into which some have fallen concerning Science and Demonstration
*[[/Book I/Chapter IV|Chap. IV.]]: The meaning of ‘Distributive,’ ‘Essential,’ ‘Universal’
*[[/Book I/Chapter V|Chap. V.]]: From what causes mistakes arise with regard to the discovery of the Universal. How they may be avoided
*[[/Book I/Chapter VI|Chap. VI.]]: Demonstration is founded on Necessary and Essential Principles
*[[/Book I/Chapter VII|Chap. VII.]]: The Premises and the Conclusion of a Demonstration must belong to the same genus
*[[/Book I/Chapter VIII|Chap. VIII.]]: Demonstration is concerned only with what is eternal
*[[/Book I/Chapter IX|Chap. IX.]]: Demonstration is founded not on general, but on special and indemonstrable principles; nor is it easy to know whether one really possesses knowledge drawn from these principles
*[[/Book I/Chapter X|Chap. X.]]: The Definition and Division of Principles
*[[/Book I/Chapter XI|Chap. XI.]]: On certain Principles which are common to all Sciences
*[[/Book I/Chapter XII|Chap. XII.]]: On Questions, and, in passing, on the way in which Sciences are extended
*[[/Book I/Chapter XIII|Chap. XIII.]]: The difference between the Demonstration and Science of a thing’s Nature and those of its Cause
*[[/Book I/Chapter XIV|Chap. XIV.]]: The figure proper to Demonstrate Syllogism
*[[/Book I/Chapter XV|Chap. XV.]]: On immediate negative propositions
*[[/Book I/Chapter XVI|Chap. XVI.]]: On ignorance resulting from a defective arrangement of terms in mediate propositions
*[[/Book I/Chapter XVII|Chap. XVII.]]: On ignorance resulting from a defective arrangement of terms in immediate propositions
*[[/Book I/Chapter XVIII|Chap. XVIII.]]: On ignorance as resulting from defective sense perception
*[[/Book I/Chapter XIX|Chap. XIX.]]: Whether the Principles of Demonstration are finite or infinite
*[[/Book I/Chapter XX|Chap. XX.]]: Middle terms are not infinite
*[[/Book I/Chapter XXI|Chap. XXI.]]: In Negations some final and ultimate point is reached where the series must cease
*[[/Book I/Chapter XXII|Chap. XXII.]]: In Affirmations some final and ultimate point is reached where the series must cease
*[[/Book I/Chapter XXIII|Chap. XXIII.]]: Certain Corollaries
*[[/Book I/Chapter XXIV|Chap. XXIV.]]: Whether Universal or Particular Demonstration is superior
*[[/Book I/Chapter XXV|Chap. XXV.]]: That Affirmative is superior to Negative Demonstration
*[[/Book I/Chapter XXVI|Chap. XXVI.]]: Direct Demonstration is superior to Reduction per impossible
*[[/Book I/Chapter XXVII|Chap. XXVII.]]: What science is more certain and prior, and what less certain and inferior
*[[/Book I/Chapter XXVIII|Chap. XXVIII.]]: What constitutes one or many Sciences
*[[/Book I/Chapter XXIX|Chap. XXIX.]]: Concerning many Demonstrations of the same thing
*[[/Book I/Chapter XXX|Chap. XXX.]]: On fortuitous occurrences
*[[/Book I/Chapter XXXI|Chap. XXXI.]]: Sense perception cannot give Demonstrative Science
*[[/Book I/Chapter XXXII|Chap. XXXII.]]: On the difference of Principles corresponding to the difference of Syllogisms
*[[/Book I/Chapter XXXIII|Chap. XXXIII.]]: The distinction between Science and Opinion
*[[/Book I/Chapter XXXIV|Chap. XXXIV.]]: On Sagacity

===Book II.===
*[[/Book II/Chapter I|Chap. I.]]: On the number and arrangements of Questions
*[[/Book II/Chapter II|Chap. II.]]: Every question is concerned with the discovery of a Middle Term
*[[/Book II/Chapter III|Chap. III.]]: The distinction between Definition and Demonstration
*[[/Book II/Chapter IV|Chap. IV.]]: The Essence of a thing cannot be attained by Syllogism
*[[/Book II/Chapter V|Chap. V.]]: Knowledge of the Essence cannot be attained by Division
*[[/Book II/Chapter VI|Chap. VI.]]: The Essence cannot be proved by the Definition of the thing itself or by that of its opposite
*[[/Book II/Chapter VII|Chap. VII.]]: Whether the Essence can in any way be proved
*[[/Book II/Chapter VIII|Chap. VIII.]]: How the Essence can be proved
*[[/Book II/Chapter IX|Chap. IX.]]: What Essences can and what cannot be proved
*[[/Book II/Chapter X|Chap. X.]]: The nature and forms of Definition
*[[/Book II/Chapter XI|Chap. XI.]]: The kinds of Causes used in Demonstration
*[[/Book II/Chapter XII|Chap. XII.]]: On the Causes of events which exist, are in process, have happened, or will happen
*[[/Book II/Chapter XIII|Chap. XIII.]]: On the search for a Definition
*[[/Book II/Chapter XIV|Chap. XIV.]]: On the discovery of Questions for Demonstration
*[[/Book II/Chapter XV|Chap. XV.]]: How far the same Middle Term is employed for demonstrating different Questions
*[[/Book II/Chapter XVI|Chap. XVI.]]: On inferring the Cause from the Effect
*[[/Book II/Chapter XVII|Chap. XVII.]]: Whether there can be several causes of the same thing
*[[/Book II/Chapter XVIII|Chap. XVIII.]]: Which is the prior cause, that which is nearer the particular, or the more universal?
*[[/Book II/Chapter XIX|Chap. XIX.]]: On the attainment of Primary Principles
*[[/Book II/Appendix|Appendix.]]

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[[Category:Works originally in Greek]]
[[Category:Ancient Greek philosophical works]]
[[Category:Logic]]

[[fr:Seconds Analytiques]]

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