https://afropedia.world/index.php?action=history&feed=atom&title=Template%3AIPAsym 2026-11-04T08:48:04Z Revision history for this page on the wiki MediaWiki 1.45.1 https://afropedia.world/index.php?title=Template:IPAsym&diff=7879&oldid=prev 2012-10-07T21:27:13Z

<p>1 revision</p> <p><b>New page</b></p><div>{{#switch:{{StripWhitespace| {{{1| }}}}}<br /> &lt;!-- stopS --&gt;<br /> | 101<br /> | p = voiceless bilabial stop<br /> | 101 408<br /> | p̪ = voiceless labiodental stop<br /> | 102<br /> | b = voiced bilabial stop<br /> | 102 408<br /> | b̪ = voiced labiodental stop<br /> | 103<br /> | t = voiceless alveolar stop<br /> | 103 408<br /> | 103 + 408<br /> | t̪ = voiceless dental stop<br /> | 104<br /> | d = voiced alveolar stop<br /> | 104 408<br /> | 104 + 408<br /> | d̪ = voiced dental stop<br /> | 103 414<br /> | t̠ = voiceless postalveolar stop<br /> | 104 414<br /> | d̠ = voiced postalveolar stop<br /> | t̠ʲ<br /> | c̟<br /> | ȶ = voiceless alveolo-palatal stop<br /> | d̠ʲ<br /> | ɟ̟<br /> | ȡ = voiced alveolo-palatal stop<br /> | 105<br /> | ʈ = voiceless retroflex stop<br /> | 106<br /> | ɖ = voiced retroflex stop<br /> | 107<br /> | c = voiceless palatal stop<br /> | 108<br /> | ɟ = voiced palatal stop<br /> | 109<br /> | k = voiceless velar stop<br /> | 110<br /> | ɡ = voiced velar stop<br /> | 111<br /> | q = voiceless uvular stop<br /> | 112<br /> | ɢ = voiced uvular stop<br /> | 173<br /> | ʡ = epiglottal stop<br /> | 113<br /> | ʔ = glottal stop<br /> | 103 + 407<br /> | 103 407<br /> | t̼ = voiceless linguolabial stop<br /> | 104 + 407<br /> | 104 407<br /> | d̼ = voiced linguolabial stop<br /> &lt;!-- NASAL --&gt;<br /> | 114<br /> | m = bilabial nasal<br /> | 114 402A<br /> | m̥ = voiceless bilabial nasal<br /> | 115<br /> | ɱ = labiodental nasal<br /> | 116 408<br /> | 116 + 408<br /> | n̪ = dental nasal<br /> | 116<br /> | n = alveolar nasal<br /> | 116 402A<br /> | n̥ = voiceless alveolar nasal<br /> | 116 414<br /> | n̠ = postalveolar nasal<br /> | n̠ʲ<br /> | ɲ̟<br /> | ȵ = alveolo-palatal nasal<br /> | 117<br /> | ɳ = retroflex nasal<br /> | 117 402A<br /> | ɳ̊<br /> | ɳ̥ = voiceless retroflex nasal<br /> | 118<br /> | ɲ = palatal nasal<br /> | 118 402A<br /> | ɲ̊<br /> | ɲ̥ = voiceless palatal nasal<br /> | 119<br /> | ŋ = velar nasal<br /> | 119 402A<br /> | ŋ̥<br /> | ŋ̊ = voiceless velar nasal<br /> | 120<br /> | ɴ = uvular nasal<br /> | 116 407<br /> | 116 + 407<br /> | n̼ = linguolabial nasal<br /> | 126<br /> &lt;!-- FRICATIVES --&gt;<br /> | ɸ = voiceless bilabial fricative<br /> | 127<br /> | β = voiced bilabial fricative<br /> | 128<br /> | f = voiceless labiodental fricative<br /> | 129<br /> | v = voiced labiodental fricative<br /> | 130<br /> | θ = voiceless dental fricative<br /> | 130 (414)<br /> | 130 414<br /> | θ̱ = voiceless alveolar non-sibilant fricative<br /> | 131<br /> | ð = voiced dental fricative<br /> | 138<br /> | ç = voiceless palatal fricative<br /> | 139<br /> | ʝ = voiced palatal fricative<br /> | 140<br /> | x = voiceless velar fricative<br /> | 141<br /> | ɣ = voiced velar fricative<br /> | 142<br /> | χ = voiceless uvular fricative<br /> | 143<br /> | ʁ = voiced uvular fricative<br /> | 144<br /> | ħ = voiceless pharyngeal fricative<br /> | 145<br /> | ʕ = voiced pharyngeal fricative<br /> | 172<br /> | ʜ = voiceless epiglottal fricative<br /> | 174<br /> | ʢ = voiced epiglottal fricative<br /> | 146<br /> | h = voiceless glottal fricative<br /> | 147<br /> | ɦ = voiced glottal fricative<br /> | 146 424<br /> | h̃ = voiceless nasal glottal approximant<br /> | 130 407<br /> | θ̼ = voiceless linguolabial fricative<br /> | 131 407<br /> | ð̼ = voiced linguolabial fricative<br /> &lt;!-- APPROXIMANTS --&gt;<br /> | 127 430<br /> | β̞ = bilabial approximant<br /> | 150<br /> | ʋ = labiodental approximant<br /> | 131 430<br /> | ð̞ = dental approximant<br /> | 151<br /> | ɹ = alveolar approximant<br /> | 151 414<br /> | ɹ̠ = postalveolar approximant<br /> | 152<br /> | ɻ = retroflex approximant<br /> | 153<br /> | j = palatal approximant<br /> | 153 424<br /> | ȷ̃ = nasal palatal approximant<br /> | 154<br /> | ɣ̞<br /> | ɰ = velar approximant<br /> | 155<br /> | l = alveolar lateral approximant<br /> | l̪ = dental lateral approximant<br /> | 155 402A<br /> | l̥ = voiceless alveolar lateral approximant<br /> | 155 414<br /> | l̠ = postalveolar lateral approximant<br /> | l̠ʲ<br /> | ʎ̟<br /> | ȴ = lateral alveolo-palatal approximant<br /> | 156<br /> | ɭ = retroflex lateral approximant<br /> | 157<br /> | ʎ = palatal lateral approximant<br /> | 158<br /> | ʟ = velar lateral approximant<br /> | 209<br /> | ɫ = velarized alveolar lateral approximant<br /> | 169<br /> | hw<br /> | ʍ = voiceless labio-velar approximant<br /> | 170<br /> | w = labio-velar approximant<br /> | 170 424<br /> | w̃ = nasal labio-velar approximant<br /> | 171<br /> | ɥ = labial-palatal approximant<br /> | 153 402A<br /> | j̊ = voiceless palatal approximant<br /> &lt;!-- TRILLS --&gt;<br /> | 121<br /> | ʙ = bilabial trill<br /> | 121 408<br /> | ʙ̪ = labiodental trill<br /> | 122 408<br /> | r̪ = dental trill<br /> | 122<br /> | r = alveolar trill<br /> | 122 402A<br /> | r̥ = voiceless alveolar trill<br /> | ɼ<br /> | r̝ = raised alveolar trill<br /> | 122 414<br /> | r̠ = postalveolar trill<br /> | 105 101 122<br /> | ɽ͡r = retroflex trill<br /> | 123<br /> | ʀ = uvular trill<br /> | ᴙ<br /> | я = epiglottal trill<br /> | 122 407<br /> | r̼ = linguolabial trill<br /> &lt;!-- FLAPS --&gt;<br /> | 184 413<br /> | ⱱ̟ = bilabial flap<br /> | 184<br /> | ⱱ = labiodental flap<br /> | 124 408<br /> | ɾ̪ = dental tap<br /> | 124<br /> | ɾ = alveolar tap<br /> | 124 414<br /> | ɾ̠ = postalveolar tap<br /> | 125<br /> | ɽ = retroflex flap<br /> | 112 505<br /> | 112 + 505<br /> | ɢ̆ = uvular flap<br /> | 173 432<br /> | 173 + 432<br /> | ʡ̯ = epiglottal flap<br /> | 181<br /> | ɺ = alveolar lateral flap<br /> | ɺ̠<br /> | ɺ̢<br /> |  = retroflex lateral flap<br /> | ʎ̯ = palatal lateral flap<br /> | ʟ̆ = velar lateral flap<br /> &lt;!-- LATERAL FRICATIVES --&gt;<br /> | 148 408<br /> | ɬ̪ = voiceless dental lateral fricative<br /> | 149 408<br /> | ɮ̪ = voiced dental lateral fricative<br /> | 148<br /> | ɬ = voiceless alveolar lateral fricative<br /> | 149<br /> | ɮ = voiced alveolar lateral fricative<br /> | ɭ˔̊<br /> | ɬ̢<br /> |  = voiceless retroflex lateral fricative<br /> | 156 429<br /> | ɭ˔ = voiced retroflex lateral fricative<br /> | 157 402A 429<br /> | ʎ̥˔<br /> |  = voiceless palatal lateral fricative<br /> | 157 429<br /> | ʎ̝ = voiced palatal lateral fricative<br /> | 158 429 402A<br /> | ʟ̝̊<br /> |  = voiceless velar lateral fricative<br /> | 158 429<br /> | ʟ̝ = voiced velar lateral fricative<br /> &lt;!-- SIBILANTS --&gt;<br /> | 132<br /> | s = voiceless alveolar sibilant<br /> | 132 (414)<br /> | 132 414<br /> | s̺ = voiceless apico-alveolar sibilant<br /> | 133<br /> | z = voiced alveolar sibilant<br /> | 134<br /> | ʃ = voiceless palato-alveolar sibilant<br /> | 135<br /> | ʒ = voiced palato-alveolar sibilant<br /> | 136<br /> | ʂ = voiceless retroflex sibilant<br /> | 137<br /> | ʐ = voiced retroflex sibilant<br /> &lt;!-- IMPLOSIVES --&gt;<br /> | 160<br /> | ɓ = voiced bilabial implosive<br /> | 162<br /> | ɗ = voiced alveolar implosive<br /> | ᶑ = voiced retroflex implosive<br /> | 164<br /> | ʄ = voiced palatal implosive<br /> | 166<br /> | ɠ = voiced velar implosive<br /> | 168<br /> | ʛ = voiced uvular implosive<br /> | ƥ = voiceless bilabial implosive<br /> | ƭ = voiceless alveolar implosive<br /> | ƈ = voiceless palatal implosive<br /> | ƙ = voiceless velar implosive<br /> | ʠ = voiceless uvular implosive<br /> &lt;!-- EJECTIVES --&gt;<br /> | 101 401<br /> | 101 + 401<br /> | pʼ = bilabial ejective<br /> | 103 401 408<br /> | 103 + 401 + 408<br /> | t̪ʼ = dental ejective<br /> | 165<br /> | 103 401<br /> | 103 + 401<br /> | tʼ = alveolar ejective<br /> | 107 401<br /> | 107 + 401<br /> | cʼ = palatal ejective<br /> | 109 401<br /> | 109 + 401<br /> | kʼ = velar ejective<br /> | 111 401<br /> | 111 + 401<br /> | qʼ = uvular ejective<br /> | 132 401<br /> | 132 + 401<br /> | sʼ = alveolar ejective fricative<br /> | 105 401<br /> | 105 + 401<br /> | ʈʼ = retroflex ejective<br /> | 126 401<br /> | 126 + 401<br /> | ɸʼ = bilabial ejective fricative<br /> | 128 401<br /> | 128 + 401<br /> | fʼ = labiodental ejective fricative<br /> | 130 401<br /> | 130 + 401<br /> | θʼ = dental ejective fricative<br /> | 148 401<br /> | 148 + 401<br /> | ɬʼ = alveolar lateral ejective fricative<br /> | 134 401<br /> | 134 + 401<br /> | ʃʼ = palato-alveolar ejective fricative<br /> | 182 401<br /> | 182 + 401<br /> | ɕʼ = alveolo-palatal ejective fricative<br /> | 136 401<br /> | 136 + 401<br /> | ʂʼ = retroflex ejective fricative<br /> | 138 401<br /> | 138 + 401<br /> | çʼ = palatal ejective fricative<br /> | 140 401<br /> | 140 + 401<br /> | xʼ = velar ejective fricative<br /> | 142 401<br /> | 142 + 401<br /> | χʼ = uvular ejective fricative<br /> &lt;!-- AFFRICATES --&gt;<br /> | 103 148 401<br /> | 103 (148) 401<br /> | ƛ’<br /> | t͡ɬʼ<br /> | t͜ɬʼ<br /> | tɬʼ = alveolar lateral ejective affricate<br /> | tʃʼ<br /> | t͜ʃʼ<br /> | t͡ʃʼ = palato-alveolar ejective affricate<br /> | pf<br /> | p̪f<br /> | p͡f<br /> | p̪͡f = voiceless labiodental affricate<br /> | bv<br /> | b̪v<br /> | b͡v<br /> | b͜v<br /> | b̪͡v = voiced labiodental affricate<br /> | t͡θʼ<br /> | tθʼ = dental ejective affricate<br /> | 103 132<br /> | 103 (132)<br /> | ʦ<br /> | ts<br /> | t͜s<br /> | t͡s = voiceless alveolar affricate<br /> | 103 132 401<br /> | t͡sʼ<br /> | tsʼ = alveolar ejective affricate<br /> | ʣ<br /> | dz<br /> | d͜z<br /> | d͡z = voiced alveolar affricate<br /> | 103 (134)<br /> | 103 134<br /> | t̠ʃ<br /> | ʧ<br /> | tʃ<br /> | t͜ʃ<br /> | t͡ʃ = voiceless palato-alveolar affricate<br /> | 104 (135)<br /> | 104 135<br /> | d̠ʒ<br /> | ʤ<br /> | dʒ<br /> | d͜ʒ<br /> | d͡ʒ = voiced palato-alveolar affricate<br /> | 215<br /> | t̠ɕ<br /> | ʨ<br /> | tɕ<br /> | t͜ɕ<br /> | t͡ɕ = voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate<br /> | 216<br /> | d̠ʑ<br /> | ʥ<br /> | dʑ<br /> | d͜ʑ<br /> | d͡ʑ = voiced alveolo-palatal affricate<br /> | 105 (136)<br /> | 105 136<br /> | ʈʂ<br /> | t͡ʂ<br /> | t͜ʂ<br /> | tʂ<br /> | ʈ͡ʂ = voiceless retroflex affricate<br /> | tʂʼ<br /> | t͡ʂʼ<br /> | ʈʂʼ<br /> | ʈ͡ʂʼ = retroflex ejective affricate<br /> | 106 (137)<br /> | 106 137<br /> | ɖʐ<br /> | dʐ<br /> | d͜ʐ<br /> | ɖ͜ʐ<br /> | d͡ʐ<br /> | ɖ͡ʐ = voiced retroflex affricate<br /> | 108 (139)<br /> | 108 139<br /> | ɟ͡ʝ<br /> | ɟʝ = voiced palatal affricate<br /> | 107 (138)<br /> | 107 138<br /> | c͡ç<br /> | cç = voiceless palatal affricate<br /> | c͡çʼ<br /> | cçʼ = palatal ejective affricate<br /> | kx<br /> | k͡x<br /> | k͜x = voiceless velar affricate<br /> | qχ<br /> | q͡χ = voiceless uvular affricate<br /> | kxʼ<br /> | k͜xʼ<br /> | k͡xʼ = velar ejective affricate<br /> | q͡χʼ<br /> | qχʼ = uvular ejective affricate<br /> | ɡɣ<br /> | ɡ͡ɣ = voiced velar affricate<br /> | ɢʁ<br /> | ɢ͡ʁ = voiced uvular affricate<br /> | 103 (148)<br /> | 103 148<br /> | ƛ<br /> | tɬ<br /> | t͜ɬ<br /> | t͡ɬ = voiceless alveolar lateral affricate<br /> | 104 (149)<br /> | 104 149<br /> | dɮ<br /> | d͜ɮ<br /> | d͡ɮ = voiced alveolar lateral affricate<br /> | c͡ʎ̥<br /> | cʎ̥<br /> | c͜ʎ̥<br /> | c͡ʎ<br /> | c͜ʎ<br /> | cʎ<br /> | c<br /> | c͡ʎ̥˔<br /> | cʎ̥˔<br /> | c͜ʎ̥˔<br /> | c͜<br /> | c͡ = voiceless palatal lateral affricate<br /> | c͡ʼ<br /> | c͜ʼ<br /> | cʼ<br /> | cʎ̝̥ʼ = palatal lateral ejective affricate<br /> | k͡ʟ̝̊<br /> | k<br /> | k͜<br /> | k͡ = voiceless velar lateral affricate<br /> | kʟ̝̊ʼ<br /> | k͡ʼ<br /> | k͜ʼ<br /> | kʼ = velar lateral ejective affricate<br /> | ɡʟ̝<br /> | ɡ͡ʟ̝ = voiced velar lateral affricate<br /> | 182<br /> | ɕː<br /> | ɕ = voiceless alveolo-palatal sibilant<br /> | 183<br /> | ʑː<br /> | ʑ = voiced alveolo-palatal sibilant<br /> | 175<br /> | ɧ = sj-sound<br /> | 109 (101)<br /> | 109 101<br /> | kp<br /> | k͡p = voiceless labial-velar stop<br /> | 110 (102)<br /> | 110 102<br /> | ɡb<br /> | ɡ͡b = voiced labial-velar stop<br /> | 119 (114)<br /> | 119 114<br /> | ŋm<br /> | ŋ͡m = labial-velar nasal<br /> &lt;!-- CLICKS --&gt;<br /> | 176 = bilabial click<br /> | ʘ<br /> | ᵏʘ<br /> | kʘ = voiceless bilabial click<br /> | 177 = dental click<br /> | ʇ<br /> | ǀ<br /> | ᵏʇ<br /> | ᵏǀ<br /> | kʇ<br /> | kǀ = voiceless dental click<br /> | 178 = alveolar click<br /> | ʗ<br /> | ǃ<br /> | ᵏʗ<br /> | ᵏǃ<br /> | kʗ<br /> | kǃ = voiceless alveolar click<br /> | 179 = palatal click<br /> | ǂ<br /> | ᵏǂ<br /> | kǂ = voiceless palatal click<br /> | 180 = alveolar lateral click<br /> | ʖ<br /> | ǁ<br /> | ᵏʖ<br /> | ᵏǁ<br /> | kʖ<br /> | kǁ = voiceless alveolar lateral click<br /> | ǀ̬<br /> | ʇ̬<br /> | ᶢǀ<br /> | ᶢʇ<br /> | ɡǀ<br /> | ɡʇ = voiced dental click<br /> | ǀ̃<br /> | ʇ̃<br /> | ᵑǀ<br /> | ᵑʇ<br /> | ŋǀ<br /> | ŋʇ = dental nasal click<br /> | ǀ̃ˀ<br /> | ʇ̃ˀ<br /> | ǀˀ<br /> | ʇˀ<br /> | ᵑǀˀ<br /> | ᵑʇˀ<br /> | ᵑ̊ǀˀ<br /> | ᵑ̊ʇˀ<br /> | ŋ̊ǀˀ<br /> | ŋ̊ʇˀ<br /> | ŋǀˀ<br /> | ŋʇˀ = glottalized dental nasal click<br /> | ǃ̬<br /> | ʗ̬<br /> | ᶢǃ<br /> | ᶢʗ<br /> | ɡǃ<br /> | ɡʗ = voiced alveolar click<br /> | ǃ̃<br /> | ʗ̃<br /> | ᵑǃ<br /> | ᵑʗ<br /> | ŋǃ<br /> | ŋʗ = alveolar nasal click<br /> | ǃ̃ˀ<br /> | ʗ̃ˀ<br /> | ǃˀ<br /> | ʗˀ<br /> | ᵑǃˀ<br /> | ᵑʗˀ<br /> | ᵑ̊ǃˀ<br /> | ᵑ̊ʗˀ<br /> | ŋ̊ǃˀ<br /> | ŋ̊ʗˀ<br /> | ŋǃˀ<br /> | ŋʗˀ = glottalized alveolar nasal click<br /> | ǁ̬<br /> | ʖ̬<br /> | ᶢǁ<br /> | ᶢʖ<br /> | ɡǁ<br /> | ɡʖ = voiced alveolar lateral click<br /> | ǁ̃<br /> | ʖ̃<br /> | ᵑǁ<br /> | ᵑʖ<br /> | ŋǁ<br /> | ŋʖ = alveolar lateral nasal click<br /> | ǁ̃ˀ<br /> | ʖ̃ˀ<br /> | ǁˀ<br /> | ʖˀ<br /> | ᵑǁˀ<br /> | ᵑʖˀ<br /> | ᵑ̊ǁˀ<br /> | ᵑ̊ʖˀ<br /> | ŋ̊ǁˀ<br /> | ŋ̊ʖˀ<br /> | ŋǁˀ<br /> | ŋʖˀ = glottalized alveolar lateral nasal click<br /> | ǂ̬<br /> | ᶢǂ<br /> | ɡǂ = voiced palatal click<br /> | ǂ̃<br /> | ᵑǂ<br /> | ŋǂ = palatal nasal click<br /> | ǂ̃ˀ<br /> | ǂˀ<br /> | ᵑǂˀ<br /> | ᵑ̊ǂˀ<br /> | ŋ̊ǂˀ<br /> | ŋǂˀ = glottalized palatal nasal click<br /> | ʘ̬<br /> | ᶢʘ<br /> | ɡʘ = voiced bilabial click<br /> | ʘ̃<br /> | ᵑʘ<br /> | ŋʘ = bilabial nasal click<br /> | ʘ̃ˀ<br /> | ʘˀ<br /> | ᵑʘˀ<br /> | ᵑ̊ʘˀ<br /> | ŋ̊ʘˀ<br /> | ŋʘˀ = glottalized bilabial nasal click<br /> | ǃ˞<br /> | ‼ = voiceless retroflex click<br /> | ǃ̬˞<br /> | ᶢǃ˞<br /> | ɡǃ˞<br /> | ‼̬<br /> | ᶢ‼<br /> | ɡ‼ = voiced retroflex click<br /> | ǃ̃˞<br /> | ᵑǃ˞<br /> | ŋǃ˞<br /> | ‼̃<br /> | ᵑ‼<br /> | ŋ‼ = retroflex nasal click<br /> | ǃ̃˞ˀ<br /> | ǃ˞ˀ<br /> | ᵑǃ˞ˀ<br /> | ᵑ̊ǃ˞ˀ<br /> | ŋ̊ǃ˞ˀ<br /> | ŋ‼ˀ<br /> | ŋǃ˞ˀ<br /> | ŋ̊‼ˀ<br /> | ᵑ̊‼ˀ<br /> | ᵑ‼ˀ<br /> | ‼̃ˀ<br /> | ‼ˀ = glottalized retroflex nasal click<br /> &lt;!------- VOWELS -------&gt;<br /> | 301<br /> | i<br /> | iː = close front unrounded vowel<br /> | 309<br /> | y<br /> | yː = close front rounded vowel<br /> | 317<br /> | ɨ<br /> | ɨː = close central unrounded vowel<br /> | 318<br /> | ʉ<br /> | ʉː = close central rounded vowel<br /> | 316<br /> | ɯ<br /> | ɯː = close back unrounded vowel<br /> | 308<br /> | u<br /> | uː = close back rounded vowel<br /> | 319<br /> | ɪ<br /> | ɪː = near-close near-front unrounded vowel<br /> | 320<br /> | ʏ<br /> | ʏː = near-close near-front rounded vowel<br /> | 319 415<br /> | ᵻ<br /> | ɪ̵<br /> | ɪ̈ = near-close central unrounded vowel<br /> | 321 415<br /> | 318 430<br /> | ʉ̞<br /> | ʊ̵<br /> | ʊ̈ = near-close central rounded vowel<br /> | 321<br /> | ʊ<br /> | ʊː = near-close near-back vowel<br /> | 302<br /> | e<br /> | eː = close-mid front unrounded vowel<br /> | 302 430<br /> | ᴇ<br /> | e̞<br /> | ɛ̝ = mid front unrounded vowel<br /> | 310<br /> | ø<br /> | øː = close-mid front rounded vowel<br /> | 397<br /> | ɘ = close-mid central unrounded vowel<br /> | 323<br /> | ɵ<br /> | ɵː = close-mid central rounded vowel<br /> | 315<br /> | ɤ<br /> | ɤː = close-mid back unrounded vowel<br /> | 307<br /> | o<br /> | oː = close-mid back rounded vowel<br /> | 307 430<br /> | ɔ̝<br /> | o̞ = mid back rounded vowel<br /> | 322<br /> | ə<br /> | əː = mid-central vowel<br /> | 303<br /> | ɛ<br /> | ɛː = open-mid front unrounded vowel<br /> | 311<br /> | œ<br /> | œː = open-mid front rounded vowel<br /> | 326<br /> | ɜ<br /> | ɜː = open-mid central unrounded vowel<br /> | 395<br /> | ɞ = open-mid central rounded vowel<br /> | 314<br /> | ʌ<br /> | ʌː = open-mid back unrounded vowel<br /> | 306<br /> | ɔ<br /> | ɔː = open-mid back rounded vowel<br /> | 325<br /> | æ<br /> | æː = near-open front unrounded vowel<br /> | 324<br /> | ɐ<br /> | ɐː = near-open central vowel<br /> | 304<br /> | a<br /> | aː = open front unrounded vowel<br /> | 304 415<br /> | a̠<br /> | ä<br /> | äː = open central unrounded vowel<br /> | 312<br /> | ɶ = open front rounded vowel<br /> | 305<br /> | ɑ<br /> | ɑː = open back unrounded vowel<br /> | 313<br /> | ɒː<br /> | ɒ = open back rounded vowel<br /> | 310 430<br /> | ø̞ = mid front rounded vowel<br /> | 315 430<br /> | ɤ̞ = mid back unrounded vowel<br /> &lt;!------- DIACRITICS (uncombined meaning and link) -------&gt;<br /> &lt;!-- used &amp;#x25CC; (dotted circle, decimal &amp;#9676;) as general placemarker: e.g. ◌ʼ --&gt;<br /> | ◌ʼ<br /> | ʼ<br /> | 401 = ejective consonant<br /> | ◌̥<br /> | ̥<br /> | 402A = voiceless<br /> | s̬<br /> | t̬<br /> | ◌̬<br /> | ̬<br /> | 403 = voice (phonetics)<br /> | pʰ<br /> | tʰ<br /> | t̪ ʰ<br /> | ʈʰ<br /> | kʰ<br /> | qʰ<br /> | tsʰ<br /> | tʃʰ<br /> | tʂʰ<br /> | ʈʂʰ<br /> | tɕʰ<br /> | tɬʰ<br /> | kxʰ<br /> | t͡sʰ<br /> | t͡ʃʰ<br /> | t͡ʂʰ<br /> | ʈ͡ʂʰ<br /> | t͡ɕʰ<br /> | t͡ɬʰ<br /> | k͡xʰ<br /> | ◌ʰ<br /> | ʰ<br /> | 404 = aspiration (phonetics)<br /> | b̤<br /> | d̤<br /> | ɡ̈<br /> | ◌̤<br /> | ̤<br /> | bʱ<br /> | dʱ<br /> | d̪ʱ<br /> | ɡʱ<br /> | ɖʱ<br /> | dʒʱ<br /> | d͡ʒʱ<br /> | dzʱ<br /> | d͡zʱ<br /> | dʐʱ<br /> | d͡ʐʱ<br /> | ɖʐʱ<br /> | ɖ͡ʐʱ<br /> | dʑʱ<br /> | d͡ʑʱ<br /> | ◌ʱ<br /> | ʱ<br /> | 405 = breathy voice<br /> | 406<br /> | a̰<br /> | b̰<br /> | ◌̰<br /> | ̰ = creacky voice<br /> &lt;!-- ARTICULATION DIACRITICS--&gt;<br /> | ̼<br /> | 407 = linguolabial consonant<br /> | ̪<br /> | 408 = dental consonant<br /> | ̺<br /> | 409 = apical consonant<br /> | ̻<br /> | 410 = laminal consonant<br /> | ̹<br /> | 411<br /> | 412<br /> | ̜ = roundedness<br /> | ̟<br /> | ̠<br /> | 413<br /> | 414 = relative articulation#Advanced and retracted<br /> | ̈<br /> | 415 = relative articulation#Centralized vowels<br /> | ̽<br /> | 416 = relative articulation#Mid-centralized vowel<br /> | ̘ &lt;!-- U+0318 --&gt;<br /> | ̙ &lt;!-- U+0319 --&gt;<br /> | 417<br /> | 418 = advanced and retracted tongue root<br /> | 419<br /> | 322 419<br /> | 322 + 419<br /> | ɚ<br /> | ɝ<br /> | ɝː = r-colored vowel<br /> | 420<br /> | kʷ<br /> | ɡʷ<br /> | xʷ<br /> | ɣʷ<br /> | ŋʷ<br /> | qʷ<br /> | ɢʷ<br /> | ɴʷ<br /> | χʷ<br /> | ʁʷ<br /> | ◌ʷ<br /> | ʔʷ<br /> | pʷ<br /> | bʷ<br /> | kpʷ<br /> | tsʷ<br /> | dzʷ<br /> | tʃʷ<br /> | dʒʷ<br /> | kxʷ<br /> | ɡɣʷ<br /> | qχʷ<br /> | ɢʁʷ<br /> | sʷ<br /> | zʷ<br /> | ʂʷ<br /> | ʐʷ<br /> | fʷ<br /> | vʷ<br /> | ħʷ<br /> | ʕʷ<br /> | hʷ<br /> | ɦʷ<br /> | ʷ = labialization<br /> | 421<br /> | ◌ʲ<br /> | ʲ = palatalization<br /> | 422<br /> | 428<br /> | ◌̴<br /> | ̴<br /> | ◌ˠ<br /> | ˠ = velarization<br /> | 423<br /> | sˤ<br /> | zˤ<br /> | tˤ<br /> | dˤ<br /> | θˤ<br /> | ðˤ<br /> | ɮˤ<br /> | lˤ<br /> | kˤ<br /> | ʔˤ<br /> | ◌ˤ<br /> | ˤ = pharyngealization<br /> | 424<br /> | æ̃<br /> | ɒ̃<br /> | ə̃<br /> | ɨ̃<br /> | ɪ̃<br /> | ʊ̃<br /> | ø̃<br /> | ʏ̃<br /> | ʉ̃<br /> | ɤ̃<br /> | ɯ̃<br /> | ɑ̃<br /> | ɛ̃<br /> | œ̃<br /> | ɔ̃<br /> | ã<br /> | ẽ<br /> | ĩ<br /> | õ<br /> | ũ<br /> | ɐ̃<br /> | ỹ = nasal vowel<br /> | ◌̃<br /> | ̃ = nasalization<br /> | ◌ⁿ<br /> | ⁿ<br /> | 425 = nasal release<br /> | dˡ<br /> | ◌ˡ<br /> | ˡ<br /> | 426 = lateral release (phonetics)<br /> | d̚<br /> | ◌̚<br /> | ̚<br /> | 427 = no audible release<br /> | ◌ˀ<br /> | ˀ = glottalization<br /> | ɹ̝<br /> | ̝ &lt;!-- U+031D --&gt;<br /> | ˔ &lt;!-- U+02D4 --&gt;<br /> | e̝<br /> | e̞ &lt;!-- second mentioning of e̞; is this the same one? --&gt;<br /> | β̞<br /> | ̞ &lt;!-- U+031E --&gt;<br /> | ˕ &lt;!-- U+02D5 --&gt;<br /> | 429 = relative articulation#Raised and lowered<br /> | 430<br /> | ŋ̍<br /> | ŋ̩<br /> | n̩<br /> | m̩<br /> | r̩<br /> | ɹ̩<br /> | l̩<br /> | ◌̩<br /> | ̩<br /> | 431 = syllabic consonant<br /> | . = syllabification<br /> | u̯<br /> | i̯<br /> | y̯<br /> | ʊ̯<br /> | ɪ̯<br /> | ʏ̯<br /> | e̯<br /> | o̯<br /> | ◌̯<br /> | ̯<br /> | 432 = semivowel<br /> | aʊ<br /> | aɪ<br /> | ɔɪ<br /> | oʊ<br /> | eɪ = diphthong<br /> | ᶣ = labio-palatalization<br /> &lt;!------- SUPRESEGMENTALS --------&gt;<br /> | 501<br /> | ˈ = stress (linguistics)<br /> | 502<br /> | ˌ = secondary stress<br /> | 503<br /> | 504<br /> | ˑ<br /> | ː = length (phonetics)<br /> | 505<br /> | ̆<br /> | ə̆ = extra-short<br /> &lt;!------- TONE LETTERS -------&gt;<br /> | 519<br /> | 523<br /> | ˩<br /> | ˨<br /> | ˧<br /> | ˦<br /> | ˥ = tone letter<br /> | 517<br /> | ꜜ◌<br /> | ꜜ = downstep<br /> | 518<br /> | ꜛ◌<br /> | ꜛ = upstep<br /> | ∅ = zero (linguistics)<br /> &lt;!-- EXTENDED IPA --&gt;<br /> | 601 = bidental percussive<br /> | 602 = velopharyngael fricative<br /> | 603 = lateralised [s]<br /> | 604 = lateralised [z]<br /> &lt;!-- INDETERMINACY symbols --&gt;<br /> | 611 = IPA&lt;!--balloon--&gt;<br /> | 612<br /> | * = IPA<br /> &lt;!-- TRANSCRIPTION --&gt;<br /> | 901<br /> | [<br /> | 902<br /> | ]<br /> | 903<br /> | /<br /> | 906<br /> | (<br /> | 907<br /> | ) = IPA<br /> &lt;!-- (999 and underscore _ ) added for testing purposes only. February 2011 --&gt;<br /> | 999<br /> | _ = IPA vowel chart/sandbox<br /> | = &lt;includeonly&gt;{{{3| {{{2| {{error| Error using {{tl| IPAsym}}: No input| tag = span}}}}}}}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;<br /> | #default = {{{2| {{error| Error using {{tl| IPAsym}}: IPA symbol &quot;{{StripWhitespace| {{{1| }}}}}&quot; not found in list| tag = span}}}}}<br /> }}&lt;noinclude&gt;<br /> {{documentation}}<br /> &lt;!-- PLEASE ADD THIS TEMPLATE&#039;S CATEGORIES AND INTERWIKIS TO THE /doc SUBPAGE, THANKS --&gt;<br /> &lt;/noinclude&gt;</div>

imported>Kofi