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	== References ==		== References ==
	~~{{commonscat}}~~
	{{reflist}}		{{reflist}}

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{{Infobox country
| conventional_long_name = Republic of Zimbabwe
| native_name =
| common_name = Zimbabwe
| image_flag = Flag of Zimbabwe.svg
| image_coat = Coat of Arms of Zimbabwe.svg
| image_map = Zimbabwe (orthographic projection).svg
| national_motto = "Unity, Freedom, Work"<ref name="BEAVERCT">{{cite journal |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=AFwtAAAAIBAJ&sjid=ydkFAAAAIBAJ&pg=3340,2548451&dq=zimbabwe+unity-freedom-work&hl=en |title=Zimbabwe |journal=The Beaver County Times |date=13 September 1981 |accessdate=2 November 2011}}</ref>
| national_anthem = {{nowrap|{{native name|sn|[[National Anthem of Zimbabwe|Simudzai Mureza wedu WeZimbabwe]]}}}} ''[[National Anthem of Zimbabwe|Kalibusiswe Ilizwe leZimbabwe]]''{{nbsp|2}}{{small|([[Northern Ndebele language|Sindebele]])}} {{small|''Blessed be the land of Zimbabwe''}}<ref name="CIA-WF">{{cite journal |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/zi.html |title=The World Factbook – Zimbabwe |version=2011 |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |author=CIA |year=2011 |accessdate=2 November 2011 |archive-date=16 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200416053740/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/zi.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| official_languages = {{collapsible list
|titlestyle = background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:normal;
|title = [[Languages of Zimbabwe|16 languages]]<ref name="constitution">The following languages, namely Chewa, Chibarwe, English, Kalanga, Koisan, Nambya, Ndau, Ndebele, Shangani, Shona, sign language, Sotho, Tonga, Tswana, Venda and Xhosa, are the officially recognised languages of Zimbabwe. ([http://www.kubatana.net/docs/legisl/constitution_zim_draft_copac_130125.pdf CONSTITUTION OF ZIMBABWE (final draft)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131002110534/http://www.kubatana.net/docs/legisl/constitution_zim_draft_copac_130125.pdf |date=2013-10-02 }}).</ref>
|liststyle = border-top:1px solid #aaa;
| [[Chewa language|Chewa]] | Chibarwe | English |[[Kalanga language|Kalanga]] |[[Khoisan languages|Koisan]] |[[Nambya language|Nambya]] |[[Ndau language|Ndau]] |[[Northern Ndebele language|Ndebele]] | Shangani |[[Shona language|Shona]] |[[sign language]] |[[Sotho language|Sotho]] | [[Tonga language (Zambia)|Tonga]] | [[Tswana language|Tswana]] | [[Venda language|Venda]] | [[Xhosa language|Xhosa]]
}}
| ethnic_groups = {{unbulleted list
| 82% [[Shona people|Shona]]
| 14% [[Northern Ndebele people|Ndebele]]
| 2% other African
| {{nowrap|1% [[White Africans of European ancestry|White]]}}
| 1% [[Coloured]] and [[Indians in Zimbabwe|Indian]]
}}
| ethnic_groups_year = 2003
| demonym = Zimbabwean
| capital = [[Harare]]
| latd = 17
| latm = 50
| latNS = S
| longd = 31
| longm = 3
| longEW = E
| largest_city = Harare
| government_type = [[Semi-presidential republic]]
| leader_title1 = [[List of Presidents of Zimbabwe|President]]
| leader_name1 = [[Emmerson Mnangagwa]]
| leader_title2 = [[Vice President of Zimbabwe|1st Vice-President]]
| leader_name2 = [[Constantino Chiwenga]]
| leader_title3 = [[Vice President of Zimbabwe|2nd Vice-President]]
| leader_name3 =
| legislature = [[Parliament of Zimbabwe|Parliament]]
| upper_house = [[Senate of Zimbabwe|Senate]]
| lower_house = [[House of Assembly of Zimbabwe|House of Assembly]]
| sovereignty_type = Independence {{nobold|from the United Kingdom}}
| established_event1 = [[Unilateral Declaration of Independence (Rhodesia)|Declared]]
| established_date1 = 11 November 1965
| established_event2 = Recognised
| established_date2 = 18 April 1980
| established_event3 = [[Constitution of Zimbabwe]]
| established_date3 = 15 May 2013
| area_rank = 60th
| area_km2 = 390,757
| area_sq_mi = 150,871
| percent_water = 1
| population_estimate = 16,750,327<ref>{{cite web |title=Population 2016 Country Ranks |url=http://www.photius.com/rankings/population/population_2012_0.html |publisher=Countries of the World |accessdate=15 October 2012}}</ref>
| population_estimate_rank = 72nd
| population_estimate_year = 2016
| population_census =
| population_census_year = 2012<ref>{{cite web |title=Census Results by Year-End |url=http://www.newzimbabwe.com/news-8881-Census+results+by+year-end+Biti/news.aspx |publisher=New Zimbabwe }}{{Dead link|date=September 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
| population_density_km2 = 26
| population_density_sq_mi = 57
| population_density_rank = 170th
| GDP_PPP = $7.731 billion<ref name="imf2" />
| GDP_PPP_year = 2013
| GDP_PPP_rank =
| GDP_PPP_per_capita = $589<ref name="imf2" />
| GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank =
| GDP_nominal = $10.978 billion<ref name="imf2">{{cite web |url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2012/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=46&pr.y=0&sy=2009&ey=2012&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=698&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC%2CLP&grp=0&a= |title=Zimbabwe |publisher=International Monetary Fund |accessdate=24 April 2012}}</ref>
| GDP_nominal_rank =
| GDP_nominal_year = 2013
| GDP_nominal_per_capita = $837<ref name="imf2" />
| GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank =
| Gini_year = 2009
| Gini_change = 
| Gini = 50.1 
| Gini_ref = <ref>{{cite web |url=http://hdrstats.undp.org/en/indicators/161.html |title=Human Development report |publisher=UNDP |accessdate=15 April 2010 |archive-date=17 October 2009 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/5kbHWMLQA?url=http://hdrstats.undp.org/en/indicators/161.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| Gini_rank =
| HDI = 0.516 
| HDI_year = 2015
| HDI_change = increase 
| HDI_ref = <ref name="HDI">{{cite web|url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/2016_human_development_report.pdf|title=2016 Human Development Report|year=2016|accessdate=21 March 2017|publisher=United Nations Development Programme}}</ref>
| HDI_rank = 154th
| currency = variousa
| currency_code = 
| time_zone = [[Central Africa Time]]
| utc_offset = +2
| time_zone_DST = not observed
| utc_offset_DST = +2
| drives_on = left
| calling_code = [[+263]]
| cctld = [[.zw]]
| footnote_a = The [[Zimbabwean dollar]] is no longer in active use after it was officially suspended by the government due to [[Hyperinflation in Zimbabwe|hyperinflation]]. The United States dollar (US$), [[South African rand]] (R), [[Botswana pula]] (P), [[Pound sterling]] (£) and [[Euro]] (€) are now used instead.<big><ref>{{cite web |url=http://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/time-zone/africa/zimbabwe/currency/ |title=Zimbabwe Currency |publisher=Wwp.greenwichmeantime.com |accessdate=21 August 2011 |archive-date=19 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719182003/http://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/time-zone/africa/zimbabwe/currency/ |url-status=dead }}</ref></big> The United States dollar has been adopted as the official currency for all government transactions.
}}

The '''Republic of Zimbabwe''' is a country in the southern part of the continent of Africa. Its [[Capital (city)|capital]] city is [[Harare]].

== Geography ==
Zimbabwe is surrounded by other countries, and so it has no [[coast]] on the sea. This type of country is called ''landlocked''. The countries that surround Zimbabwe are [[Zambia]], [[Botswana]], South Africa and [[Mozambique]].

Zimbabwe is home to the famous [[waterfall]], [[Victoria Falls]], which are a feature of the river [[Zambezi]] and also the Great Zimbabwe, the ancient architectural monument from which the country was named after.

=== Vegetation (Fauna and Flora) ===
The country is mostly [[savanna]]. In the east it is moist and mountainous with tropical evergreen and hardwood forests. Trees include [[teak]] and [[mahogany]], knobthorn, msasa and baobab. Among the many flowers and shrubs are hibiscus, spider lily, leonotus, cassia, tree wisteria and dombeya.
[[File:Curled trunk.jpg|thumb|left|Elephant at water hole in Hwange National Park]]

There are around 350 species of mammals in Zimbabwe. There are also many snakes and lizards, over 500 bird species, and 131 fish species.

== History ==
The area that is now Zimbabwe was added to the British Empire around 1890. Zimbabwe is also known by its old name of '''Rhodesia. '''In 1965, it became an independent country when Prime Minister Ian Smith announced the Unilateral Declaration of Independence(U.D.I). The government was mostly controlled by the white population, similar to South Africa at the time. African citizens were given full equality in 1980, and the country's name was officially changed to Zimbabwe. Robert Mugabe led the country as the Prime Minister and President for 37 years. Though Mugabe was elected fairly at first, he became a dictator, and had put in place a number of cruel and disastrous laws. On November 21, 2017, Mugabe resigned as President of Zimbabwe.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-42071488|title=Zimbabwe's President Mugabe 'resigns'|date=2017-11-21|work=BBC News|access-date=2017-11-21|language=en-GB}}</ref>

== Language ==
The country Zimbabwe has a mixture of languages; Shona, Ndebele, Venda, Manyika, Nyanja, Chagani, and a unique-unified Zimbabwean English.

== Economy ==
Zimbabwe uses the currencies of several other countries. The government uses the United States dollar. The economy is currently in a bad situation. Foreign currency reserves are at very low levels, and the Zimbabwean Dollar has become very [[devalued]]. Just recently, three zeroes were taken off the Zimbabwean dollar (for example, $1,000,000 (one million dollars) would become $1000 (one thousand dollars)). Many observers link this to Mugabe's controversial Land Reform programme.
* Agriculture: Most people in Zimbabwe work in the field of agriculture: cattle, poultry, pigs, vegetables, millet, sorghum, maize, rice, cassava, tea, coffee, groundnuts, cotton, wheat, sugar cane, timber.
* Mining: Copper, silver, tin, coal, nickel, cobalt, gold, iron ore, asbestos, chrome.
* Manufacturing: Iron, steel, food processing, textiles, brewing, wood, furniture, tobacco.
* Other: Tourism centring on the Victoria Falls and the game parks

==2017 coup d'état==
{{main|2017 Zimbabwean coup d'état}}
On November 15, 2017, President [[Robert Mugabe]] was placed under house arrest<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-41997982|title=Robert Mugabe 'under house arrest'|date=2017-11-15|work=BBC News|access-date=2017-11-15|language=en-GB}}</ref> as Zimbabwe's military took control in a [[2017 Zimbabwean coup d'état|coup]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-41997982|title=Robert Mugabe 'under house arrest'|date=2017-11-15|work=BBC News|access-date=2017-11-15|language=en-GB}}</ref> On November 21, 2017, Mugabe resigned the Presidency.

== Provinces ==
[[File:Administrative Divisions of Zimbabwe.svg|300px|thumb|right|Provinces of Zimbabwe]]
Zimbabwe is divided into 8 provinces and 2 cities that are the same as a province.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
! Province !! Capital
|-
| [[Bulawayo]]|| Bulawayo
|-
| [[Harare]]|| Harare
|-
| [[Manicaland]] || [[Mutare]]
|-
| [[Mashonaland Central]] || [[Bindura]]
|-
| [[Mashonaland East]] || [[Marondera]]
|-
| [[Mashonaland West]] || [[Chinhoyi]]
|-
| [[Masvingo Province|Masvingo]] || [[Masvingo|Masvingo city]]
|-
| [[Matabeleland North]] || [[Lupane District]]
|-
| [[Matabeleland South]] || [[Gwanda]]
|-
| [[Midlands Province|Midlands]] || [[Gweru]]
|}

==Cities==
The largest cities are:
{| class="wikitable"
|-----
|colspan="8" align="center" bgcolor="#FFA500" | '''Cities in Zimbabwe'''
|-----
|rowspan="2" align="center" bgcolor="#98FB98" | '''Rank''' || rowspan="2" align="center" bgcolor="#98FB98" | '''City''' || colspan="4" align="center" bgcolor="#98FB98" | '''Population''' || rowspan="2" align="center" bgcolor="#98FB98" | '''Province''' || rowspan="2" align="center" bgcolor="#98FB98" | '''Image'''
|-----
|align="center" bgcolor="#98FB98" | '''Census 1982''' || align="center" bgcolor="#98FB98" | '''Census 1992''' || align="center" bgcolor="#98FB98" | '''Census 2002''' || align="center" bgcolor="#98FB98" | '''Est. 2007'''
|-----
|align=right | 1. || [[Harare]] || align=right | 656,011 || align=right | 1,189,103 || align=right | 1,444,534 || align=right | 1,607,022 || [[Harare]] || [[File:Harare from the Kopje.jpg|250px]]
|-----
|align=right | 2. || [[Bulawayo]] || align=right | 413,814 || align=right | 621,742 || align=right | 676,787 || align=right | 713,340 || [[Bulawayo]] || [[File:Bulavayo 22032005.jpg|250px]]
|-----
|align=right | 3. || [[Chitungwiza]] || align=right | 172,556 || align=right | 274,912 || align=right | 321,782 || align=right | 352,204 || [[Harare]] ||
|-----
|align=right | 4. || [[Mutare]] || align=right | 69,621 || align=right | 131,367 || align=right | 170,106 || align=right | 193,629 || [[Manicaland]] || [[File:Mutare aerial.jpg|250px]]
|-----
|align=right | 5. || [[Gweru]] || align=right | 78,918 || align=right | 128,037 || align=right | 141,260 || align=right | 148,935 || [[Midlands Province|Midlands]] ||
|-----
|align=right | 6. || [[Kwekwe]] || align=right | 47,607 || align=right | 75,425 || align=right | 93,072 || align=right | 103,210 || [[Midlands Province|Midlands]] || [[File:Kwekwe.jpg|250px]]
|-----
|align=right | 7. || [[Kadoma, Zimbabwe|Kadoma]] || align=right | 44,613 || align=right | 67,750 || align=right | 76,173 || align=right | 81,008 || [[Mashonaland West]] || [[File:Kadoma Townhall, 2002.JPG|250px]]
|-----
|align=right | 8. || [[Masvingo]]|| align=right | 30,523 || align=right | 51,743 || align=right | 69,993 || align=right | 80,630 || [[Masvingo]] ||
|-----
|align=right | 9. || [[Chinhoyi]] || align=right | 24,322 || align=right | 43,054 || align=right | 56,794 || align=right | 65,109 || [[Mashonaland West]] ||
|-----
|align=right | 10. || [[Marondera]] || align=right | 19,971 || align=right | 39,384 || align=right | 52,283 || align=right | 60,291 || [[Mashonaland East]] ||
|}

==Sports==
[[Association football|Football]] is the most popular sport in Zimbabwe. [[Rugby union]] and [[cricket]] are also popular. Zimbabwe has won eight Olympic medals.

Zimbabwe has also done well in the [[Commonwealth Games]] and All-Africa Games. [[Kirsty Coventry]] won 11 gold medals in swimming.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/olympics/2004/schedules/117BySport.html |title=2004 Olympic Games swimming results |accessdate=22 July 2007 |publisher=CNN |archive-date=9 May 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060509051921/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/olympics/2004/schedules/117BySport.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fina.org/events/WC/Montreal_2005/results/sw.php |title=Montreal 2005 Results|accessdate=9 June 2007 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070128064425/http://www.fina.org/events/WC/Montreal_2005/results/sw.php |archivedate = 28 January 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fina.org/events/WC/Melbourne_2007/results/swimming.php|title=12th FINA World Championships|accessdate=9 June 2007 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070606111744/http://www.fina.org/events/WC/Melbourne_2007/results/swimming.php |archivedate = 6 June 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport3/commonwealthgames2002/bsp/statistics/results.stm |title=BBC Sport Commonwealth Games 2002 Statistics|accessdate=29 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref>
Zimbabwe has also been at [[The Championships, Wimbledon|Wimbledon]] and the [[Davis Cup]] in tennis. Zimbabwe has also done well in golf. Other sports played in Zimbabwe are basketball, volleyball, [[netball]], and [[water polo]], as well as [[Squash (sport)|squash]], [[motorsport]], martial arts, [[chess]], cycling, [[polocrosse]], [[kayaking]] and [[horse racing]]. Most of these sports don't have international representatives but instead stay at a junior or national level.

==Related pages==
*[[List of rivers of Zimbabwe]]
*[[Zimbabwe at the Olympics]]
*[[Zimbabwe national football team]]

== References ==
{{commonscat}}
{{reflist}}

{{africa}}

[[Category:Zimbabwe| ]]
[[Category:1980 establishments]]
[[Category:1980s establishments in Africa]]

Zimbabwe - Revision history

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